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What Is a FRAEW and Who Needs One?

A clear explanation of Fire Risk Appraisals of External Walls, the PAS 9980 methodology and when a FRAEW is required.

ExplainerApril 2026Fire Safety
Overview

Understanding the FRAEW process

A FRAEW is a detailed, risk-based appraisal of a building's external wall system. It follows the methodology set out in PAS 9980:2022 and provides the evidence base for decisions about remediation, funding applications and EWS1 certification.

What a FRAEW involves

The FRAEW process begins with a desktop review of available construction records, previous fire risk assessments and any earlier investigation reports. This is followed by a site inspection of the external wall, and where necessary, intrusive investigation to confirm the materials and configuration behind the visible facade. The assessor then carries out a risk-based analysis considering the whole external wall system.

How PAS 9980 works

PAS 9980 replaced the earlier prescriptive approach to external wall assessment with a risk-based methodology. Rather than simply identifying whether combustible materials are present, the assessor considers the likelihood and consequences of fire spread via the external wall, taking into account the specific materials, their configuration, the building's height, use and fire safety features. This means that not every building with combustible materials will require full remediation.

When a FRAEW is needed

A FRAEW is typically required for residential buildings at or above 11 metres where there are concerns about the external wall. Key triggers include Cladding Safety Scheme or Building Safety Fund applications, lender requirements for EWS1 certification, Building Safety Regulator requests for higher-risk buildings, and where intrusive investigation has revealed combustible materials in the external wall.

What happens after the FRAEW

If the FRAEW concludes that remediation is needed, the report will set out the scope and urgency. This informs the specification of remediation works, the procurement route and any funding applications. If the FRAEW concludes that the risk is tolerable, it provides the evidence needed for an EWS1 certificate confirming no remediation is required.

FAQ

Frequently asked questions

What does FRAEW stand for?

Fire Risk Appraisal of External Walls. It is a risk-based assessment of the external wall system carried out under PAS 9980:2022, covering cladding, insulation, cavity barriers and all related features.

How is a FRAEW different from an EWS1 assessment?

The FRAEW is the detailed technical appraisal. The EWS1 form captures the outcome. The FRAEW provides the evidence and analysis that supports the EWS1 conclusion.

Who needs a FRAEW?

Residential buildings at or above 11 metres with external wall concerns, particularly for CSS/BSF applications, EWS1 certification, or Building Safety Regulator requirements.

How long does a FRAEW take?

Typically six to twelve weeks from instruction to final report for a standard residential block. Complex buildings or those with limited records may take longer.

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